FINTECHS DE CRÉDITO E BANCOS: ELAS OS INCOMODAM?
Resumo
Fintechs são modelos de negócios que atuam há pouco tempo no sistema financeiro brasileiro, porém, estão ganhando espaço mercadológico por oferecerem produtos e serviços inovadores que os bancos tradicionais, até então, tinham dificuldades em oferecer. A literatura apresenta estudos com foco na explicação de determinantes do spread e rentabilidade dos bancos a partir de uma análise de variáveis internas e externas. No entanto, a entrada das fintechs no mercado financeiro pode levar bancos a repensarem políticas de crédito e juros. Assim, este estudo identificou fatores determinantes para a rentabilidade dos bancos no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2020 e o impacto das fintechs criadas a partir das Resoluções 4656 e 4657 do BCB na persistência da rentabilidade dos bancos tradicionais. A amostra contou com dados coletados no site do Banco Central Brasileiro durante 40 trimestres consecutivos. A técnica econométrica utilizada foi a regressão de dados em painel com efeitos fixos. Os resultados encontraram similaridade com estudos anteriores realizados no Brasil, onde a Capitalização, Liquidez, Gerenciamento de Despesas, Evolução da Taxa de Juros apresentaram impacto na rentabilidade dos bancos. Diferentemente de estudos anteriores, variáveis como Inflação e Provisionamento para Créditos Duvidosos apresentaram impactos em consonância com estudos internacionais. Ainda não foram encontradas evidências de impacto negativo das fintechs de crédito nos resultados dos bancos.
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